<strong> / <em>

strong is an element that indicates the importance of text (bold by default), and em is an element that adds emphasis to text (italic by default). Both carry semantic meaning.

Syntax

<!-- Indicates importance or seriousness -->
<strong>important text</strong>

<!-- Indicates stress emphasis -->
<em>emphasized text</em>

Tag reference (differences from b and i)

Tag	Description
strong	Indicates the importance, seriousness, or urgency of text. Some screen readers announce it with greater emphasis. Displayed as bold by default.
em	Adds stress emphasis to text. Nesting it increases the level of emphasis. Displayed as italic by default.
b	Has no semantic importance — it simply makes text bold. Use it for text you want to draw attention to, such as keywords or product names.
i	Has no semantic emphasis — it simply makes text italic. Use it for technical terms, foreign words, thoughts, or titles.

Sample code

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
</head>
<body>

  <!-- Use strong to mark critical content -->
  <p>Deleting this file <strong>cannot be undone</strong>. Make sure to back it up first.</p>

  <!-- Use em to add stress emphasis -->
  <p>Please submit it <em>by today</em>.</p>

  <!-- b and i are purely visual styling -->
  <p><b>HTML</b> and <b>CSS</b> are the foundational technologies of the web.</p>
  <p>He is known for the phrase <i>cogito ergo sum</i> (I think, therefore I am).</p>

  <!-- Combining strong and em -->
  <p><strong><em>Never</em> share your password</strong> with anyone.</p>

</body>
</html>

Output

strong renders as bold and em renders as italic. b and strong look the same visually, but carry different meanings.

Deleting this file "cannot be undone".  ← bold warning
Please submit it "by today".            ← italic emphasis
"HTML" and "CSS" are the foundational technologies of the web.  ← bold (decorative)
He is known for the phrase cogito ergo sum ...  ← italic (Latin)
"Never share your password" with anyone.        ← bold + italic

Notes

Both strong and b render as bold, but they have fundamentally different meanings. strong conveys "this text is important" — a meaning that is understood by screen readers and search engines. b, on the other hand, only makes text bold with no semantic weight. The same distinction applies to em and i: the former provides meaningful emphasis, the latter is purely visual.

Choose HTML tags based on meaning, not appearance. Use strong for critical warnings or required information, and em for stress emphasis within a sentence. If you simply want to apply bold or italic styling without any semantic meaning, it is often more appropriate to use CSS properties such as font-weight: bold or font-style: italic.

strong and em can be nested. Nesting em twice increases the level of emphasis. You can also nest em inside strong to express content that is both important and stressed.